The nanocarbon material refers to a carbon material having a dispersion phase of at least one dimension of less than 100 nm. Dispersed phase can be composed of carbon atoms, but also by heterogeneous atoms (non-carbon atoms) composition, or even nano-pores. Nano-carbon materials mainly include three types: carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nano-carbon ball.

In recent years, carbon nanotechnology research is very active, a variety of nano-carbon crystal, needle, rod, barrel and so on. In 2000 Germany and the United States scientists also prepared by the 20 carbon atoms composed of hollow cage molecules. According to the theoretical projections, containing 20 carbon atoms is only composed of positive pentagons, C60 molecules are fullerene-type structural molecules in the smallest one, taking into account the original angle between the joint, the intensity of the problem, people have always considered Such molecules are very unstable and difficult to exist. Germany and the United States scientists made C60 cage molecules for the field of materials to solve an important research topic. New carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes have many excellent physical and chemical properties and are widely used in many fields.

Carbon element is one of the most important and most important elements in nature. It has the diverse electronic orbital characteristics of SP, SP2 and SP3. In addition, the anisotropy of SP2 leads to the conductivity of the crystal and other The orientation of the guide. Therefore, the carbon element as the only constituent elements of the carbon material has a wide range of properties, and the new carbon phase of the new carbon material has also been found and artificially produced. In fact, no element can be as carbon as a single element can be formed like three-dimensional diamond crystal, two-dimensional graphite layer, one-dimensional carbene and carbon nanotubes, zero-dimensional fullerene molecules and so many structures and properties are completely different The substance.

(1) carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes are carbon atoms formed by the graphene sheet rolled into a seamless, hollow tube, generally can be divided into single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and double-walled carbon nanometer tube.

(2) carbon fiber is divided into acrylonitrile carbon fiber and asphalt carbon fiber two. Carbon fiber is lighter than aluminum and strong than steel, its proportion is iron 1/4, the strength is iron 10 times, in addition to superb strength, its chemical properties are very stable, high corrosion resistance, Low temperature, radiation resistance, deodorization. Carbon fiber can be used in a variety of different areas, due to high manufacturing costs, a large number of aircraft materials, sports equipment, construction materials. University of Illinois at the United States invented a cheap carbon fiber, with high toughness, while a very strong adsorption capacity, can filter toxic gases and harmful organisms can be used to manufacture anti-virus clothing, masks, gloves and protective clothing.

(1) fullerene-based Cn and onion carbon (with a closed graphite layer structure, diameter between 2-20nm), such as C60, C70, etc .; (2) carbon ball according to the size of the carbon ball is divided into: 2) not completely graphitized nano-carbon ball, diameter between 50nm and 1μm; (3) carbon beads, the diameter of 11μm or more. In addition, according to the structure of the carbon ball can be divided into hollow carbon ball, solid hard carbon ball, porous carbon ball, core shell carbon ball and colloidal carbon ball.

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